As evidence continues to mount that established models of rational decision-making are dangerously out of date, behavioral science has embraced human irrationality in all of its deceptively predictable forms. At the forefront of the field is Duke University professor Dan Ariely, whose simple experiments into human bias have shed light on everything from the fallacy of supply and demand to the problem of procrastination.

As ideological battles are waged over the benefits of free markets, the challenges of financial regulation, the inefficiency of policymaking, and the design of a sustainable path forward, pundits often attack one another without a fundamental understanding of the mechanics of our modern financial system. This primer helps to explain the unique roles that banks and capital markets play in the efficient (and sometimes painfully inefficient) functioning of of modern society. While it won’t settle any debates, it certainly reminds us how little we may know about the way the economy works…

For all its flaws, one of the great strengths of the American political system is the degree to which competing perspectives fight to the death in Washington’s marketplace of ideas. A perfect example is the recent exchange between Senate Banking Committee member (and Baseball Hall of Famer) Jim Bunning and his monetary nemesis Fed Chairman Bernanke on the eve of a controversial re-nomination…

As speculative euphoria once again grips financial markets and investors emerge from their fallout shelters in search of higher yield, it is entirely possible that we failed to learn anything from the last 12-18 months of market volatility. After the markets bottomed out on March 9, our valuation anchors were rebased. Could our economic prospects really be that grim? Could all that leverage – all that cash – simply vanish from the financial system overnight? Of course not, went the refrain, and the markets have since pared back almost half of their 2008 losses during one of the largest bear market rallies since the 1930s.

As the Annus Horribilis finally comes to an end, many forecasters in the policy and financial communities have been left licking their wounds. This effort from Moises Naim and his team at Foreign Policy tries to capture the best of the worst and is certainly worth a look…

“Despite its severity, we believe that the slump in stock prices will prove an intermediate movement and not the precursor of a business depression…” This advice from the Harvard Economic Society on November 2, 1929 illustrates that unbridled optimism in the capital markets was just as dangerous 80 years ago as it is today. Modern financial crises aren’t simply failures of regulatory oversight or inherent structural weakness. They’re a combination of the cyclicality of human behavior, the dangers of unbridled leverage, increased speculation by unsophisticated investors, and our complete lack of financial memory beyond 20 or 30 years.

It’s no surprise that financial crises – like intercourse, pro sports, and agriculture – run in alternating cycles of boom and bust. Classical economic theory suggests that such cyclicality can be overcome through innovations in resource use, factor productivity, and leverage. Classical history suggests otherwise. In the following rant, celebrity economist Jeff Sachs tackles the two-headed plague of stagflation — part stagnant economic growth, part inflation — and offers the 1970s as an illustrative case study in how to keep a resource-hungry, debt-ridden, war-wearied hegemon from spinning its economic wheels…

As markets continue to reel from the too-little-too-late conservative ethos that is snaking its way through the world’s major financial institutions, the wisdom of blind faith in some “invisible hand” is finally being put to the test. At stake are trillions of dollars of borrowed money floating anonymously within complex and unregulated markets, coupled with with an imploding US dollar, soaring energy demand in high-growth emerging economies, troublesome “business as usual” predictions for worldwide carbon emissions, and gross negligence in coordinating the world’s basic agricultural equilibrium. If free markets and “the wisdom of crowds” are truly the answer to the complex challenges of global resource coordination, recent evidence isn’t the least bit convincing…

Social entrepreneurship is at the heart of Capitalism 2.0, and the country’s leading minds are finally demanding a full system upgrade…
Thoroughly Modern Do-Gooders
By DAVID BROOKS
Fashions in goodness change, just like fashions in anything else, and these days some of the very noblest people have assumed the manners of the business world — even though they don’t aim for profit. They call themselves social entrepreneurs, and you can find them in the neediest places on earth.
The people who fit into this category tend to have plenty of résumé bling. Bill Drayton, the godfather of this movement, went to Harvard, Yale, Oxford and McKinsey before founding Ashoka, a global change network. Those who follow him typically went to some fancy school and …

Assuming that the United States decides to impose a $25 per barrel tariff on all imported oil (crude and product) – and Canada and Mexico were not exempt — let’s explore how this might affect:

a. The volume of oil imported into the United States?
Volume responses to a $25 tariff would vary over time. In the near-term, there would only be a negligible decrease in the volume of oil imported (given a low short-run elasticity of energy demand) as industries, supply chains, and consumers remain highly dependent on existing petroleum infrastructure. The redistribution of the tariff (with tax reductions) would partially offset the incremental cost to businesses and consumers, but the policy is unlikely to completely offset the …

An expanded look at the role corporations and hospitable business environments have played in stabilizing the anarchic system of international relations. This work is based on an earlier paper which focused on the rise of the corporation as a key variable in the calculus of global peace and security…

As politicians and investors cast their enthusiastic support behind the legislation and technology necessary to christen the “New Age of Ethanol”, consensus among the world’s leading scientists is still critical at best. From hungry Mexicans to enraged environmentalists to ruffled foreign dignitaries, the real cost of ethanol has become increasingly obvious to all but the most cynical energy hucksters. Fueled by agricultural protectionism and the pressing drive for “energy independence”, the Ethanol Lobby is now humming on all cylinders, and if Runge and Senauer are right, that might spell disaster far beyond the pumps…

Since their earliest days a rogue asset class — a breakaway tax haven from the archaic world of REITs — income trusts have drawn the ire of free-market economists and the capital of free-wheeling investors alike. The former see the structure as an anti-competitive perversion of natural capital flows, while the latter flock to invest in a sea of premium yields. Traditionally, policy makers have been hamstrung by this natural dichotomy, but with their latest Halloween trick, Flaherty and the Tories have taken a bold step toward a fair and open capital market. Baby boomers may cry foul over their lost pot of gold, and socialists may applaud their conservatives counterparts for a rare shot across the bow of a …

“Nationalism is like cheap alcohol.
First, it makes you drunk, then it makes you blind, and then it kills you.”
- Daniel Fried, Assistant Secretary of State, U.S. State Department
With a history of social chaos that spans most of human existence, it isn’t surprising that personal freedom is a fairly recent phenomena. This so-called “inalienable right” was only introduced in Holland, France, America and the fragile Ottoman Empire over the last few centuries, after years of philosophical introspection and ultimately bloody rebellion. Unlike the fall of the Roman and Greek empires — where authority was more regulatory than ascendant — these “populist” revolutions signaled not merely a new set of rules but also a radical shift in personal identity. Living …

Economics is converging with everything these days, from the environment to the grocery store to the bedroom. This time, the playing field is none other than the human brain itself, and the results are less surprising than they are empirically fascinating. Contrary to conventional thinking, it turns out that people won’t always act in the own best interests, and that’s as true for investing and gambling as it is for adultery and employment…
MIND GAMES
by JOHN CASSIDY in the New Yorker

What neuroeconomics tells us about money and the brain.
Like many people who have accumulated some savings, I invest in the stock market. Most of my retirement money is invested in mutual funds, but now and again I also buy individual stocks. …

An article on Slate.com from another American journalist with no desire to leave the greatest city in the Middle East. I’m with Faerlie…maybe it’s time to start buying up Lebanese real estate

When was the last time you looked at the label on just about anything? Chances are, if the item cost you less than $30, you just participated in the global phenomenon we’ve come to know and love as the Low-Cost Chinese Import. Entire retail franchises have already been built built around this new breed of price-conscious shopper, and while consumers are absolutely beaming at the prospect of $1 placemats and flashlights and coffee pots, little time is spent reflecting on where those items are actually made, and how little the workers are getting paid to actually make them.
The funny thing is, given two items of identical value, informed consumers will typically buy the one that costs them less, regardless of …